Design, fabrication, and testing of an auxiliary cooling system for jet engines kevin leamy and jim griffiths ge aircraft engines, cincinnati, ohio paul andersen, fidel joco, and mark laski honeywell, inc. The gas temperatures associated with the air cooling system may be so arranged that after the last of the coolant has mixed with the main stream, the resultant temperature corresponds with the maximum acceptable to the turbine. They use a classical mechanical compression cycle, with an intermediate refrigerant fluid, which cools the intake air passing through heat exchangers located in the gas turbine inlet. Cooling systems one of the factors that determine the lifetime of a generator is temperature. One such method utilizes evaporative cooling technology to cool the inlet air to the gas turbine. Field experiments and technical evaluation of an optimized media. Evaporative cooling increases gas turbine power output. Plc integrated controls system allows evaporative cooling system to work as a standalone unit, limiting control integration complexity. Evaporative cooling increases gas turbine power output munters. What is the equipment delivery time of an inlet chilling system. Gas turbines are convenient, modular and flexible, and are suitable for continuous duty, standby and for peaking duty. Numerical simulation of gas turbine blade cooling ahmed a. Inlet air cooling and intercooling are two important methods for rising power output of gas turbine cycles. Therefore, more attention is being paid towards previously ignored or neglected cooling considerations such as phantom cooling.
Turbine inlet cooling is defined as cooling the air before it enters the compressor of the gas turbine. Evaporative cooling of gas turbine engines mee industries. This is precisely the reason why on hot days, when air is less dense, power. Equipment delivery varies between 24 and 36 weeks depending on project complexity and special materials.
Traditional media based evaporative coolers have been widely used in the gas turbine industry especially in hot arid areas. If the inlet air is hotter and drier than iso conditions, the. Tic is cooling of the air before it enters the compressor that supplies highpressure air to the combustion chamber from which hot air at high pressure enters the combustion turbine. Thermoeconomic analysis of inlet air cooling in gas. Gas turbine evaporative cooling power technology energy. In this paper, various general types of cooling technologies used for cooling the turbine blades are explained. Direct dry cooling system in the direct dry system, the turbine exhaust steam is piped directly to. The theory and operation of evaporative coolers for.
Inlet cooling systems also known as fogging systems augment the power output of a gas turbine. The intake air will have a higher relative humidity and lower temperature. Climatic analysis and application in high humidity regions. Combustion turbine inlet cooling using direct evaporative. While power companies in southern climates realize the impact evaporative cooling can have on turbine performance, we are also seeing opportunities developing as far north as. To increase the power output and thermal efficiency of gas turbines the inlet. Output power production as well as the thermal efficiency by 9% and 4.
Improvement of simple and regenerative gas turbine using. Technical note synchronous generators for steam and gas. Also new recent types of cooling techniques for gas turbine, different new technology used in gas turbine blade material are explained with case study. Gas turbine output power, efficiency and specific fuel consumption are assessed with application of eahe. Why use direct evaporative cooling for turbine inlets. The several alternative methods of achieving wall cooling are considered separately in the.
A combustion turbine inlet air cooling system ctiac is a device, or a group of devices, that cools the gas turbine air intake. Air appears as the logical coolant for gasturbine combustion systems, and its use is assumed in each of the wallcooling methods which are discussed in this paper. Projected benefits of new residential evaporative cooling. Annette dwyer munters corporation asme turbo expo 2011. Earth to air heat exchanger as an inlet air cooling system on gas turbine is investigated. The application of earth to air heat exchanger eahe as an inlet air cooling system on gas turbine performance has been investigated. Another strategy to improving turbine blades and increasing their operating temperature, aside from better materials, is to cool the blades. There are two basic types of evaporative air coolers eacs used to cool new mexico schools and. Cooling and heating sealing control of bearing loads aircraft services 1.
Inlet cooling optimizes gas turbine performance by cooling the gas turbine inlet air and providing more mass flow for combustion and increasing the efficiency of the gas turbine compressor. Besides, the compression work increases because the limited volume of the air increases in proportionality to the intake air temperature 2,3. Tiac is especially compelling in warm climates where a turbines output can decrease at the same time more power is needed for comfort coolingair conditioning. Thermoeconomic analysis of inlet air cooling in gas turbine. Hussain an f5,8 array and represented in table 1 together with the calculated values of t a. Thu note ducusses the application of several types of liquid and vapour cooling systems to gas turbine blade coolmg, with emphasis on systems sultable for continuous operation. The power output of a gas turbine depends on the flow of mass through it. Plc integrated controls sample weather conditions every 30 seconds, allowing rapid adaptability to changing conditions. The water evaporation causes the air temperature to drop. Systems and methods for steam turbine wheel space cooling. The application of the heat pipe concept to stator blade cooling is discussed in scme detail and a tentative design. The study was conducted on, ir mt250 gas turbine data.
Evaporative cooling design guidelines ced engineering. Advantages of evaporative cooling systems proven technology with more than 2,000 installations since 1975 low water usage high system efficiency. We regained as much as 10% of our power capacity with the addition of the evaporative cooling unit, said stamp. Advantages of evaporative cooling systems proven technology with more than 2,000 installations since 1975 low water usage high system efficiency simple low maintenance system low operating costs low initial investment short pay back period enhanced air filtering and sound reduction properties. Gas turbine system with interstage cooling and steam. The thermodynamic cycle of the basic combined cycle consists of two power plant cycles. The evaporative cooler is a wetted rigid media where water is distributed. Enhancement of gas turbine power output using earth to air. It consists of a twostage compressor c1 and c2, three adiabatic humidifiers ah1 in the intake section of the compressor, ah2 between the two compression stages, and ah3 after the second stage, a regenerative heat exchanger ihe, the combustor cc, the steam. Thermodynamic analysis of a gas turbine power plant modelled. Some combustion turbine inlet air cooling technologies enable operation at the desired temperature which can potentially be as low as. This phenomenon is typically tackled by incorporating turbine inlet aircooling systems that are generally classified under evaporative and refrigerative types.
The actual characteristics of each ct could be different and depend on its. In this paper the performance enhancement of gas turbine power plants by cooling the compressor intake air with an evaporative cooler is studied. An evaporative cooler is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water. The second system employs various ways to chill the inlet air. Kozhevnikov procedia engineering 150 2016 61 67 this paper evaluates the thermal state of the most stressed gas turbine elements. Thermodynamic analysis of a gas turbine power plant. This study investigated the effect of inlet air cooling system on the performance of an existing gas turbine power plant in nigeria. Estimated cooling load for the proposed inlet air cooling is 679. Other major benefits of kalaeloas evaporative cooling system include a reduced pressure drop in the inlet of the gas turbine filter house and a reduction in maintenance required by the system. Finally, the effects of both evaporative cooling in inlet duct, and wet compression in compressor, on the power output, and turbine exhaust temperature of a gas turbine with turbine blade cooling.
Analysis of gas turbine performance with inlet air cooling. For the internal cooling flow we model the flow as that through a long thin passage, for which. The evaporative cooling system will cool compressor intake air through humidification. Evaporative cooling typically can decrease inlet air temperatures by as much as 20 to 30. We originally had in place an inertial separator filter isf which cleaned the incoming air of large particles as the first stage of filtration. Preengineered generators cooling systems one of the factors that determine the lifetime of a generator is temperature. It depicts the heat and work transfer process taking place in high temperature region. Evaporative cooling technology for gas turbine inlet cooling presented by. Gennady dumnov, mentor graphics, mechanical analysis division.
Comparison of different gas turbine inlet air cooling methods. Turbine inlet air cooling is a group of technologies and techniques consisting of cooling down. Dec 15, 2012 stator cooling system the stator winding is cooled by distillate, the system is designed to maintain a which is fed from one end of the machine by constant rate of cooling water flow to the a teflon tube and flows through the upper stator winding at a normal inlet water bar and returns back through the lower end temperature of 40c. Evaporative cooling system lightens gas turbine plant.
Reciprocating engine cooling systems flight mechanic. Achieving optimal economic benefit from air inlet cooling pdf. Evaporative cooling an overview sciencedirect topics. For example, a gas turbine generator with a donaldson evaporative cooling system installed at a site having an ambient temperature of 100. The cycle 12341 which is the gas turbine power plant cycle is the topping cycle. A gas turbines performance is highly dependent on the intake flow conditions. Inlet air cooling increases the power output by taking advantage of the gas turbines feature of higher mass flow rate when the compressor inlet temperature decreases. Abstractthis study is a numerical investigation of the effect of hole inclination angle and blowing ratio on film cooling effectiveness of elliptical fixed blade surface. Evaporative cooling is a function of the ambient wet bulb temperature and, consequently, the inlet air temperature will fluctuate. The theory and operation of evaporative coolers for industrial gas turbine installations r. Evaporative cooling increases gas turbine power output with rising energy costs and shortages around the world, the power industry continues to seek innovative solutions to these problems. Abstract combustion turbine performance is known to significantly deteriorate at elevated ambient temperatures in the gulf countries.
In hybrid refrigeration systems chp can supply simultaneously the power to the compression system and the heat to the absorption system. Tic is also called by many other names, including combustion turbine inlet air cooling ctiac, turbine inlet air cooling tiac. May 01, 2016 inlet cooling optimizes gas turbine performance by cooling the gas turbine inlet air and providing more mass flow for combustion and increasing the efficiency of the gas turbine compressor. Evaporative cooling technology for gas turbine inlet cooling.
The compressor consists of a series of blades attached to wheels that decrease in radius and get closer together. This manual is also intended as an overview of evaporative cooling principles and equipment for the nontechnical reader, with technical terms shown in bold print and defined in the glossary. Course contents evaporative coolers, often called swamp coolers, are cooling systems that use only water and a blower to circulate air. An evaporative cooling system for turbine inlet air is a useful option for installations where high ambient temperatures and low relative humidity are common. Combustion turbine inlet air cooling units used in power plants rev. In the calculations, the air used for cooling the turbine blade was considered with several values of pressure and temperature, with the former varying from 0. The basic principle of evaporative cooling is that as water evaporates, it cools the air because of the latent heat of vaporization. F and a relative humidity of 30% could deliver up to 7. Turbine inlet air chilling faqs efficient turbine power. Aug 21, 2000 other major benefits of kalaeloas evaporative cooling system include a reduced pressure drop in the inlet of the gas turbine filter house and a reduction in maintenance required by the system. However, with continual advances and optimizations in turbine cooling, previously less important considerations are becoming more important to fully optimize turbine cooling. The power output and efficiency rating of gas turbines are usually based on iso conditions inlet air temperature 288 k and 65% relative humidity. These systems incorporate evaporative cooling pads, using the evaporation of water to cool the incoming air stream.
When warm, dry unsaturated air is pulled through a watersoaked pad, water is evaporated and is absorbed as water vapor into the air. As all losses generate heat it is important to have a cooling system that can maintain a sufficiently low operating temperature within all. Direct evaporative turbine inlet cooling tic provides a costeffective, energyefficient, and environmentally beneficial means to enhance power generation capacity and efficiency of combustiongas turbines during hot weather. The purpose of turbine inlet air chilling is to restore the power output of a combustion turbine at elevated ambient temperatures to its rated capacity or better. While power companies in southern climates realize the impact evaporative cooling can have on turbine performance, we are. In this method, the cooling medium flows through a heat exchanger located in. Evaporative coolers make use of the evaporation of water to reduce the gas turbines inlet air temperature.
Aircooling methods for gasturbine combustion systems. York when youre selecting a liquid chiller for a turbine inletairchilling tiac system, consider york. Design, fabrication, and testing of an auxiliary cooling. Performance of a gas turbine is mainly depends on the inlet air temperature. It does not do this without some loss of energy, however, and even the most efficient aircraft engines may waste 60 to 70 percent of the original energy in the fuel.
As all losses generate heat it is important to have a cooling system that can maintain a sufficiently low operating temperature within all parts of the generator. G as turbines play an important role in many applications, such as aeroengines, power generation and natural gas production. The evaporative cooling system is used to raise both power output and efficiency of gas turbines. Turbine inlet air chilling faqs efficient turbine power systems. Principal engineer solar turbines incorporated san diego, california member asme abstract this paper discusses the theory of evaporative cooling and describes the application of wetted rigid media evaporative coolers to gas turbines. With all stainless steel materials, amcos fogging systems use positive displacement pumps to pump demineralized deionized water at 3000 psi 207 bar from the pumping skid to spray nozzle manifolds located in the air duct downstream of the filter housing and ahead of the silencer. Chiou 4 considered an existing frame 7b simple cycle gas turbine as the basic system and converted it into the modified system with either the inlet air cooling orand steam injection. Variations on the full dry and full wet systems are hybrid systems, which may be wet with some dry or dry with part wet. The demand for energy worldwide continues to rise faster than generating capacity, and the deregulation of the electric power industry has created demand for. Turbine inlet air chilling tiac efficient turbine energy. The influence of the cooling blade performance using a cooling medium with different parameters was estimated. Evaporative systems cool the inlet air by evaporating water into the air stream. Estimation of gas turbine blades cooling efficiency.
Economic benefits of replacing gas turbine media based evaporative cooling with inlet fogging systems, meefog technical application note angt205, 5 jan 202, rev. Evaporative cooler for gas turbine power augmentation. The combustion turbine inlet air cooling system also eliminates the need for various capacity increase actions leading to increased co emission. Transient, onedimensional model was developed for predicting the thermal performance of eahe. This gives rise to a major problem in scheduling the internal cooling system so that. Improved ceramic coatings became available in the 1980s. Cooler air has a higher density, boosting the output of the turbine.
Inlet air cooling and intercooling are two important. As the air is pulled back through the engine and the wheels get smaller, the air is pushed into a smaller space and. One is the joule or brayton cycle which is a gas turbine cycle and the other is rankine cycle which is a steam turbine cycle. A novel combustion turbine inlet air cooling system. An internalcombustion engine is a heat machine that converts chemical energy in the fuel into mechanical energy at the crankshaft. Generator cooling and sealing system 2 linkedin slideshare. The increased importance of evaporative coolers for gas turbine. Reciprocating engine cooling systems an internalcombustion engine is a heat machine that converts chemical energy in the fuel into mechanical energy at the crankshaft. The first and most costeffective system is evaporative cooling.
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